🔲Blocks and Transactions

This document describes the block and transaction structure of the Cronos POS Chain and explains different ways to extract and parse the details of them.

Table of Content

• Cronos POS Blocks and Transactions

  • Table of Content

  • Common APIs

    • 1. Tendermint Block API

    • 2. Tendermint Block Results API

    • 3. Cosmos Transaction Query API

    • 4. Cosmos Transaction Search API

  • Common Block Details

    • 1. Mint

    • 2. Block Rewards

    • 3. Proposer Rewards

    • 4. Commissions

  • Common Transaction Details

    • 1. Block Height

    • 2. Transaction Hash

    • 3. Transaction Fee

    • 4. Assets and Amount

      • 1. Single object

      • 2. Array

      • 3. String

  • Bank

    • 1. MsgSend

    • 2. MsgMultiSend

  • Distribution

    • 1. MsgSetWithdrawAddress

    • 2. MsgWithdrawDelegatorReward

    • 3. MsgWithdrawValidatorCommission

    • 4. MsgFundCommunityPool

  • Staking

    • 1. MsgCreateValidator

    • 2. MsgEditValidator

    • 3. MsgDelegate

    • 4. MsgBeginRedelegate

    • 5. MsgUndelegate

      • 5a. Upon MsgUndelegate completed

  • Slashing

    • 1. MsgUnjail

    • 2. Being Jailed and Slashed

      • Liveness

      • Double Sign

      • Limitations

  • Governance

    • 1. MsgSubmitProposal

      • 1a. Community Pool Spend Proposal

    • 2. MsgDeposit

      • 2a. Burn Proposal's Deposit if Proposal does not Get Enough Deposit

      • 2b. Return Proposal's Deposit

      • 2c. Burn Proposal's Deposit

    • 3. MsgVote

    • 4. Proposal Result

  • Appendix: Module Accounts on Mainnet

Common APIs

Tendermint

Common APIs

Tendermint

1. Tendermint Block API

• URL format: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/block?height=[height]

• This API returns block details, a list of transaction bytes and consensus commits.

Example: Checking the block at height 10000 of the mainnet: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/block?height=10000

2. Tendermint Block Results API

• URL format: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org:26657/block_results?height=[height]

• This API returns the events of the block. These events include the outcomes from transactions, and block changes such as block rewards minted ("mint") and distributed as well as consensus state updates such as validator missing block counts ("liveness")

Example: Checking the block result of height 10000of the mainnet: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/block_results?height=10000

Cosmos

3. Cosmos Transaction Query API

• URL format: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/comsos/tx/v1beta1/txs/[Transaction_Hash]

• This API returns the parsed transaction details and events of a particular transaction hash

• Example: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/0C5E617B0577B047D78EBF5313B8B70DF69E9535E17B964303BD04947B11B660

4. Cosmos Transaction Search API

• URL format: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs

• This API support event-based query and returns parsed transactions. Common events include:

Event	Description	Example
tx.height	Transaction(s) in a particular block	txs?events=tx.height%3D10000
message.module & message.action	Search for messages belonged to a particular module and actions. Note that this index will degrade when more transaction of its kind grows in number	txs?events=message.module%3D%27bank%27&events=message.action%3D%27send%27
message.sender	Search for message with particular signer	/txs?events=message.sender=%27cro18undzhe3fmmav2x3csx8m00m5yupkcc7qzz4ec%27

Note:

1. The API supports pagination, make sure you have iterate all the pages pagination.offset=[offset starting from 0]&pagination.limit=[record per page]

2. The performance will degrade if you are searching for a result set that will grow over time. For example, if we search for events that grow with the block height, such as validator's reward distrubtion.

3. Multiple events in a single search are queried by AND condition. i.e If you do tx.height and message.sender. It will search for transactions that happened on that particular block height AND signed by the sender.

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Common Block Details

Most of the block events can be accessed using the Tendermint Block Results API. One caveat of using this API is that all the events key-value attributes are base64 encoded. Therefore it is non-human readable.

A simple Node.js tool has been written to help parse and decode all key-value attributes in the block results API response. It can be downloaded at https://github.com/calvinaco/cosmos-api-tools.

Usage example:

$ git clone https://github.com/calvinaco/cosmos-api-tools
$ cd cosmos-api-tools
$ node block-results-decoder.js "https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/block_results?height=10000"

Note that when you integrate with the API you should still base64 decode the attributes programmatically.

1. Mint

In every block, CRO is minted and offered to the active validators and their delegators as block rewards. The actual minted token is subject to inflation and is adjusted every block. Further details on the minting parameters and configuration can be found here.

Minted tokens are distributed as blocks and proposer rewards in the same block. However, since Cosmos SDK does the lazy rewards calculation and collection, the minted tokens are first sent to the "Distribution" module account and are later transferred to an account when a delegator withdraws the rewards or commissions by sending a MsgWithdrawDelegatorReward or MsgWithdrawValidatorCommission.

So Block Rewards, Proposer Rewards and Commissions events are for record-keeping only and do not represent any actual token transfer between accounts.

To get the minted token every block:

Accessor	Type
Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].type) === "mint" && Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "amount"	Asset String

2. Block Rewards

In every block, mint tokens and transaction fees are distributed to every active validator in the network. As a result, there will be multiple events, each corresponding to a validator and the rewards it receives.

Block rewards are not credited to the delegator account directly. This event serves as a record-keeping purpose only. Each delegator account must explicitly send a MsgWithdrawDelegatorReward message transaction to collect the rewards.

To get the reward per validator:

Detail	Accessor	Type
Validator Address	Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].type) === "rewards" && Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "validator"	Asset String
Reward Amount	Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].type) === "rewards" && Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "amount"	String

3. Proposer Rewards

Block proposers can get extra transaction fees bonus for the block they have successfully proposed. More details can be found here for reference.

Similar to block rewards, proposer rewards are not credited to the account directly. This event serves as a record-keeping purpose only. Each validator creator account must explicitly send a MsgWithdrawDelegatorReward message transaction to collect the rewards.

Detail	Accessor	Type
Validator Address	Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].type) === "proposer_reward" && Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "validator"	Asset String
Reward Amount	Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].type) === "proposer_reward" && Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "amount"	String

4. Commissions

Validator can charge a commission to the block rewards received by delegators. Commissions is already included in Block Rewards and Proposer Rewards

Similar to block rewards, commission rewards are not credited to the account directly. This event serves as a record-keeping purpose only. Each validator creator account must explicitly send a MsgWithdrawValidatorCommission message transaction to collect the rewards.

To get the commission received by each validator:

Detail	Accessor	Type
Validator Address	Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].type) === "rewards" && Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "validator"	Asset String
Commission Amount	Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].type) === "rewards" && Base64Decode(result.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "amount"	String

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Common Transaction Details

1. Block Height

• Tendermint Block API: result.block.header.height

• Tendermint Block Results API: result.height

• Cosmos Transaction Query API: tx_response.height

• Cosmos Transaction Search API: tx_response[index].height

2. Transaction Hash

• Tendermint Block API: Uppercase(SHA256(Base64Decode(result.block.data.txs[index])))

• Tendermint Block Results API: Not available, should use Tendermint Block API. Match transaction [index] in result.txs_results with result.block.data.txs[index]

• Cosmos Transaction Query API: tx_response.txhash

• Cosmos Transaction Search API: tx_response[index].txhash

3. Transaction Fee

• Cosmos Transaction Query API: tx.auth_info.fee.amount

• Cosmos Transaction Search API: tx[index].auth_info.fee.amount

Transaction fee is an Asset Array, meaning that a transaction can pay fee in more than one token types.

4. Assets and Amount

There are mainly two types of assets and amount representation:

1. Single object

This is commonly seen in staking module but may appear in other modules as well. It represents a single token type.

Example

{
  "denom": "basecro",
  "amount": "10000"
}

where denom is the asset type and amount is the amount and basecro is the basic unit of CRO token (where 10^8 basecro = 1 cro)

Note that the amount is always in string for precision accuracy. Please make sure your language is capable of handling big integer numbers. It is highly recommended to use library similar to bignumber.js in your language to handle the amount.

2. Array

This is commonly seen in most message types. It represents a list of tokens.

At the time of writing, there will only be a single entry in this array because basecro (or basetcro in Croeseid Testnet) is the only supported asset on Cronos POS Chain. However, after IBC transfer and other coins issuance methods are enabled, there will be more asset types, the coin source tracing and their denomination can be found here

Example:

[
  {
    "denom": "basecro",
    "amount": "10000"
  },
  {
    "denom": "apple",
    "amount": "1000"
  }
]

Each object in the array has the same format as Single Object.

3. String

This is commonly seen in events' attributes of block and transaction.

Example:

{
  "key": "amount",
  "value": "1234basecro,5678apple"
}

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Bank

1. MsgSend

• Descriptions: Simple transfer message

• Funds movement: Yes

Protobuf Structure

type MsgSend struct {
	FromAddress string                                   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=from_address,json=fromAddress,proto3" json:"from_address,omitempty" yaml:"from_address"`
	ToAddress   string                                   `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=to_address,json=toAddress,proto3" json:"to_address,omitempty" yaml:"to_address"`
	Amount      github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Coins `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=amount,proto3,castrepeated=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Coins" json:"amount"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/0C5E617B0577B047D78EBF5313B8B70DF69E9535E17B964303BD04947B11B660

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.bank.v1beta1.MsgSend"	String
From address	tx.body.messages[message_index].from_address	String
To address	tx.body.messages[message_index].to_address	String
Amount	tx.body.messages[message_index].amount	Asset Array

2. MsgMultiSend

• Descriptions: Multiple inputs, multiple outputs transfer message.

• Funds movement: Yes

Protobuf

type MsgMultiSend struct {
	Inputs  []Input  `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=inputs,proto3" json:"inputs"`
	Outputs []Output `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=outputs,proto3" json:"outputs"`
}
type Input struct {
	Address string                                   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=address,proto3" json:"address,omitempty"`
	Coins   github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Coins `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=coins,proto3,castrepeated=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Coins" json:"coins"`
}
type Output struct {
	Address string                                   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=address,proto3" json:"address,omitempty"`
	Coins   github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Coins `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=coins,proto3,castrepeated=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Coins" json:"coins"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/6CD89C9F32A4F4E918B2BCD722A9429693E3372E3F882BA4A460F2588A2EE0B3

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.bank.v1beta1.MsgMultiSend"	String
From Addresses	tx.body.messages[message_index].inputs[m].address where m>=1. There can be multiple (m) from addresses.	String
From Amounts	tx.body.messages[message_index].inputs[m].coins where m>=1. There can be multiple (m) from addresses and their corresponding input amount.	Asset Array
To Addresses	tx.body.messages[message_index].outputs[n].address where n>=1. There can be multiple (n) destination addresses.	String
To Amounts	tx.body.messages[message_index].outputs[n].coins where n>=1. There can be multiple (n) destination addresses and their corresponding input amount.	Asset Array

Distribution

1. MsgSetWithdrawAddress

• Descriptions: Sets the withdraw address for a delegator (or validator self-delegation)

• Funds movement: No (Pay for fee only)

Protobuf

type MsgSetWithdrawAddress struct {
	DelegatorAddress string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=delegator_address,json=delegatorAddress,proto3" json:"delegator_address,omitempty" yaml:"delegator_address"`
	WithdrawAddress  string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=withdraw_address,json=withdrawAddress,proto3" json:"withdraw_address,omitempty" yaml:"withdraw_address"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/D4FCC8E1403677157D367A88A0832B9E411BDC4E029954FC133DB60296CF3DE3

Details

TODO

2. MsgWithdrawDelegatorReward

• Descriptions: Withdraw delegation rewards from a single validator

• Funds movement: Yes

Protobuf

type MsgWithdrawDelegatorReward struct {
	DelegatorAddress string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=delegator_address,json=delegatorAddress,proto3" json:"delegator_address,omitempty" yaml:"delegator_address"`
	ValidatorAddress string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=validator_address,json=validatorAddress,proto3" json:"validator_address,omitempty" yaml:"validator_address"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/3B36AA1AC81ACD58E7A06C21353DB0FC40A70EDBF6BD2CD23D7BEDC7A0F56318

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.distribution.v1beta1.MsgWithdrawDelegatorReward"	String
Delegator	tx.body.messages[message_index].delegator_address	String
Withdraw From Validator	tx.body.messages[message_index].validator_address	String
Withdraw To Address	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "recipient".	String
Withdraw Reward Amount	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "amount".	Asset String

3. MsgWithdrawValidatorCommission

• Descriptions: : Withdraws the full commission of a validator to the validator creator (initial delegator) address.

• Funds movement: Yes

Protofbuf

type MsgWithdrawValidatorCommission struct {
	ValidatorAddress string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=validator_address,json=validatorAddress,proto3" json:"validator_address,omitempty" yaml:"validator_address"`
}

Example

• Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/3739F76EF67A61D6F0163A5B177EA64ED80B67D9AEF8435C525913E69026D320

• Message Index: 1

Details

This transaction will trigger an internal transfer from the "Distribution" module account to the withdraw to address. Note that the "Distribution" module account is an internal account in Cronos POS Chain to hold the rewards, commissions and community pool funds before they are being distributed.

The "Distribution" module account is different on different chain. In Cronos POS Chain Mainnet, it is cro1jv65s3grqf6v6jl3dp4t6c9t9rk99cd8lyv94w.

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.distribution.v1beta1.MsgWithdrawValidatorCommission"	String
Validator	tx.body.messages[message_index].validator_address	String
Withdraw From Validator	tx.body.messages[message_index].validator_address	String
Withdraw To Address	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "recipient".	String
Withdraw Commission Amount	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[m].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "amount".	Asset String

4. MsgFundCommunityPool

• Descriptions: : Fund from an account to the community pool. The community pool can later be sent to another by submitting a MsgSubmitEcProposal

• Funds movement: Yes

Protobuf

type MsgFundCommunityPool struct {
	Amount    github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Coins `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=amount,proto3,castrepeated=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Coins" json:"amount"`
	Depositor string                                   `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=depositor,proto3" json:"depositor,omitempty"`
}

Example: A transaction funding the community pool

https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/7C1747E0189DCA88BBA55A1720809C8DF6075799C11ECBE4C4E1F89C91D4F55F

Details

This transaction will initiate a transfer from an account to the "Distribution" module account. Note that the "Distribution" module account is an internal account in Cronos POS Chain to hold the rewards, commissions and community pool funds before they are being distributed.

This "Distribution" module account is different on different chain. In Cronos POS Chain Mainnet, it is cro1jv65s3grqf6v6jl3dp4t6c9t9rk99cd8lyv94w.

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.distribution.v1beta1.MsgFundCommunityPool"	String
Deposit From Account	tx.body.messages[message_index].depositor	String
Deposit Amount	tx.body.messages[message_index].amount	Asset Array
Delegate To Address ("Distribution" module account)	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "recipient".	String

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Staking

1. MsgCreateValidator

• Descriptions: : Create a new validator

• Funds movement: Yes

Protobuf

type MsgCreateValidator struct {
	Description       Description                            `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=description,proto3" json:"description"`
	Commission        CommissionRates                        `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=commission,proto3" json:"commission"`
	MinSelfDelegation github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Int `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=min_self_delegation,json=minSelfDelegation,proto3,customtype=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Int" json:"min_self_delegation" yaml:"min_self_delegation"`
	DelegatorAddress  string                                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=delegator_address,json=delegatorAddress,proto3" json:"delegator_address,omitempty" yaml:"delegator_address"`
	ValidatorAddress  string                                 `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=validator_address,json=validatorAddress,proto3" json:"validator_address,omitempty" yaml:"validator_address"`
	Pubkey            *types.Any                             `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=pubkey,proto3" json:"pubkey,omitempty"`
	Value             types1.Coin                            `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value"`
}

type Description struct {
	// moniker defines a human-readable name for the validator.
	Moniker string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=moniker,proto3" json:"moniker,omitempty"`
	// identity defines an optional identity signature (ex. UPort or Keybase).
	Identity string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=identity,proto3" json:"identity,omitempty"`
	// website defines an optional website link.
	Website string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=website,proto3" json:"website,omitempty"`
	// security_contact defines an optional email for security contact.
	SecurityContact string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=security_contact,json=securityContact,proto3" json:"security_contact,omitempty" yaml:"security_contact"`
	// details define other optional details.
	Details string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=details,proto3" json:"details,omitempty"`
}

type CommissionRates struct {
	// rate is the commission rate charged to delegators, as a fraction.
	Rate github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Dec `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=rate,proto3,customtype=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec" json:"rate"`
	// max_rate defines the maximum commission rate which validator can ever charge, as a fraction.
	MaxRate github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Dec `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=max_rate,json=maxRate,proto3,customtype=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec" json:"max_rate" yaml:"max_rate"`
	// max_change_rate defines the maximum daily increase of the validator commission, as a fraction.
	MaxChangeRate github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Dec `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=max_change_rate,json=maxChangeRate,proto3,customtype=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec" json:"max_change_rate" yaml:"max_change_rate"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/7B3C19A3674C9EF856C43FFF50B021085AC4DA693AA47F82882FFAC78F21DE05

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.staking.v1beta1.MsgCreateValidator"	String
Initial Delegator Address (Validator Creator)	tx.body.messages[message_index].delegator_address	String
Delegated Amount	`tx.body.messages[message_index].value	Asset Object

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2. MsgEditValidator

• Descriptions: Edit and existing validator

• Funds Movement: No (Pay for fee only)

Protobuf

type MsgEditValidator struct {
	Description      Description `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=description,proto3" json:"description"`
	ValidatorAddress string      `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=validator_address,json=validatorAddress,proto3" json:"validator_address,omitempty" yaml:"address"`
	// We pass a reference to the new commission rate and min self delegation as
	// it's not mandatory to update. If not updated, the deserialized rate will be
	// zero with no way to distinguish if an update was intended.
	// REF: #2373
	CommissionRate    *github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Dec `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=commission_rate,json=commissionRate,proto3,customtype=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec" json:"commission_rate,omitempty" yaml:"commission_rate"`
	MinSelfDelegation *github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Int `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=min_self_delegation,json=minSelfDelegation,proto3,customtype=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Int" json:"min_self_delegation,omitempty" yaml:"min_self_delegation"`
}

type Description struct {
	// moniker defines a human-readable name for the validator.
	Moniker string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=moniker,proto3" json:"moniker,omitempty"`
	// identity defines an optional identity signature (ex. UPort or Keybase).
	Identity string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=identity,proto3" json:"identity,omitempty"`
	// website defines an optional website link.
	Website string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=website,proto3" json:"website,omitempty"`
	// security_contact defines an optional email for security contact.
	SecurityContact string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=security_contact,json=securityContact,proto3" json:"security_contact,omitempty" yaml:"security_contact"`
	// details define other optional details.
	Details string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=details,proto3" json:"details,omitempty"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/F4A1D7757AD20979D540C0CD29DD335D17E121F15AA447990B87E0EE94531BD7

Details

TODO

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3. MsgDelegate

• Descriptions: Perform a delegation of coins from a delegator to a validator

• Funds movement: Yes

Protobuf

type MsgDelegate struct {
	DelegatorAddress string      `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=delegator_address,json=delegatorAddress,proto3" json:"delegator_address,omitempty" yaml:"delegator_address"`
	ValidatorAddress string      `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=validator_address,json=validatorAddress,proto3" json:"validator_address,omitempty" yaml:"validator_address"`
	Amount           types1.Coin `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=amount,proto3" json:"amount"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/CCB45B0C6EC18A327ADFC8C36478A163D8C2A8BD9EB13687F73ED3D4559318A3

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.staking.v1beta1.MsgDelegate"	String
Delegate From Address	tx.body.messages[message_index].delegator_address	String
Delegate To Validator	tx.body.messages[message_index].validator_address	String
Delegate Amount	tx.body.messages[message_index].amount	Asset Object

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4. MsgBeginRedelegate

• Descriptions: Perform a redelegation of coins from a delegator and source validator to a destination validator.

  Note that the redelegation is just a record update of the internal state of a delegator's staked funds. The delegator account won't have any funds movement based on the redelegation except.

  There is a side effect of MsgBeginRedelegate, upon successful execution of this message, all the rewards of the delegator from the previous (source) validator will be withdrawn automatically to the delegator account.

• Funds movement: Yes

Protobuf

type MsgBeginRedelegate struct {
	DelegatorAddress    string      `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=delegator_address,json=delegatorAddress,proto3" json:"delegator_address,omitempty" yaml:"delegator_address"`
	ValidatorSrcAddress string      `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=validator_src_address,json=validatorSrcAddress,proto3" json:"validator_src_address,omitempty" yaml:"validator_src_address"`
	ValidatorDstAddress string      `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=validator_dst_address,json=validatorDstAddress,proto3" json:"validator_dst_address,omitempty" yaml:"validator_dst_address"`
	Amount              types1.Coin `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=amount,proto3" json:"amount"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/5D43A55463C8FB30A89306C26C5E3318826AD075D36E9B5E72F7019C00F14549

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.staking.v1beta1.MsgBeginRedelegate"	String
Redelegate From Address	tx.body.messages[message_index].delegator_address	String
Redelegate From Validator	tx.body.messages[message_index].validator_src_address	String
Redelegate To Validator	tx.body.messages[message_index].validator_dst_address	String
Redelegate Amount	tx.body.messages[message_index].amount	Asset Object
Auto Withdraw Rewards To Address #	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "recipient".	String
Auto Withdraw Rewards From Address (Always the "distribution" module account) #	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "sender".	String
Auto Withdraw Rewards Amount #	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "amount".	String

Note: There may be multiple auto reward withdrawals that happen. In such a case, the transfer event will have multiple {"recipient":"","sender":"","amount":""}. An example is

{
  "type": "transfer",
  "attributes": [
    {
      "key": "recipient",
      "value": "cro1hr6wx9mm6ycjr4x2p4ek4c9fl2prkxsx79y5qu"
    },
    {
      "key": "sender",
      "value": "cro1jv65s3grqf6v6jl3dp4t6c9t9rk99cd8lyv94w"
    },
    {
      "key": "amount",
      "value": "30763basecro"
    },
    {
      "key": "recipient",
      "value": "cro1hr6wx9mm6ycjr4x2p4ek4c9fl2prkxsx79y5qu"
    },
    {
      "key": "sender",
      "value": "cro1jv65s3grqf6v6jl3dp4t6c9t9rk99cd8lyv94w"
    },
    {
      "key": "amount",
      "value": "6881basecro"
    }
  ]
}

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5. MsgUndelegate

• Descriptions: Perform an undelegation from a delegate and a validator.

  Note that the funds are moved between module accounts upon a MsgUndelegate message execution. The funds movement to the user account happens only when the unbond completes. For details, you can refer to the next section.

• Funds movement: Yes

Protobuf

type MsgUndelegate struct {
	DelegatorAddress string      `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=delegator_address,json=delegatorAddress,proto3" json:"delegator_address,omitempty" yaml:"delegator_address"`
	ValidatorAddress string      `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=validator_address,json=validatorAddress,proto3" json:"validator_address,omitempty" yaml:"validator_address"`
	Amount           types1.Coin `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=amount,proto3" json:"amount"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/3B36AA1AC81ACD58E7A06C21353DB0FC40A70EDBF6BD2CD23D7BEDC7A0F56318

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.distribution.v1beta1.MsgFundCommunityPool"	String
Undelegate From Address	tx.body.messages[message_index].delegator_address	String
Undelegate From Validator	tx.body.messages[message_index].validator_src_address	String
Undeleate Amount	tx.body.messages[message_index].amount	Asset Object
Auto Withdraw Rewards To Address #	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "recipient".	String
Auto Withdraw Rewards From Address (Always the "distribution" module account) #	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "sender".	String
Auto Withdraw Rewards Amount #	tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].value where tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].type === "transfer" && tx_response.logs[message_index].events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "amount".	String

Note: Similar to MsgBeginRedelegate, there may be multiple auto reward withdrawals happen. In such a case the transfer event will have the multiple {"recipient":"","sender":"","amount":""}

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5a. Upon MsgUndelegate completed

• Descriptions: The undelegation is completed on the first block after the "Unbond Completion Time", in which there will be a special event in the Tendermint Block Results API.

• Funds movement: Yes

Example

Tendermint Block Results API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/block_results?height=374823

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Undelegate From Validator	.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "complete_unbonding" && .result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "validator".	String
Undelegate To Address	.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "complete_unbonding" && .result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "delegator".	String
Undeleate Amount	.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "complete_unbonding" && .result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "amount".	Asset String

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Slashing

1. MsgUnjail

• Descriptions: : Unjail a validator

• Funds movement: No (Pay for fee only)

Protobuf

type MsgUnjail struct {
	ValidatorAddr string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=validator_addr,json=validatorAddr,proto3" json:"address" yaml:"address"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/58BF8EBD17FF9500F395E4A9B2AE93EF21306E5706B3EC31CE116654D78B8684

Details

TODO

2. Being Jailed and Slashed

A validator can get jailed for two reasons:

1. Liveness

2. Double sign

Liveness

Liveness issue occurs when the validator fails to sign 50%* of the blocks in a 5000# blocks sliding window.

Upon a validator committing a liveness issue, the validator is jailed for 24 hours (85400 seconds#).

# The liveness metrics and the penalty are subject to the network parameters to be explained in the details section

Double Sign

Double sign occurs when a validator attempts to provide multiple signatures of the same block height.

This is considered as a serious fault and upon committing the validator will get jailed forever and get slashed for 5% of the total staking#.

This slashing is applied to all the delegations (both self delegation and delegation from other accounts).

# The slashing rate is subject to the network parameters to be explained in the details section

Limitations

There is a limitation in the protocol that the slashing amount cannot be easily extracted right now. Theoretically one could calculate the slashed amount of each delegator by applying the slash rate and delegation proportion but in practice small precision issues may be introduced in the calculation process and introduce discrepancies with the chain, so it is not recommended to do so.

On the other hand, the slashed amount, similar to the block rewards and commission, is not deducted from delegator account directly. There are events to signal the jail and slashing occurs but it serve more of the purpose of describing such as event occurs only.

Details - Params

Cosmos Slashing Params API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/slashing/v1beta1/params

Detail	Category	Accessor	Type
Signing window size (in Blocks)	Liveness	.params.signed_blocks_window	String
Minimum # of blocks to sign in the window	Liveness	.params.min_signed_per_window	String
How long to jail	Liveness	.params.downtime_jail_duration	String (Duration)
Slashing ratio	Liveness	.params.slash_fraction_downtime	String
Slashing ratio	Double Sign	.params.slash_fraction_double_sign	String

Details - Jail and Slash events

Tendermint Block Results API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/block?height=[height]

You can use the Cosmos API tools to decode the event details for readability during integration.

Detail	Category	Accessor	Type
Jail	Liveness, Double Sign	.results.begin_block_events[event_index].type === "slash" && Base64Decode(.results.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "jailed"	Assertion
Jailed Reason	Liveness	Base64Decode(.results.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value === "missing_signature" where .results.begin_block_events[event_index].type === "slash" && Base64Decode(.results.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "reason"	String
Jailed Reason	Double Sign	Base64Decode(.results.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value === "double_sign" where .results.begin_block_events[event_index].type === "slash" && Base64Decode(.results.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "reason"	String
Jailed Validator Address	Liveness, Double Sign	Base64Decode(.results.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where .results.begin_block_events[event_index].type === "slash" && Base64Decode(.results.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "jailed"	String
Slashed Validator Address	Liveness, Double Sign	Base64Decode(.results.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where .results.begin_block_events[event_index].type === "slash" && Base64Decode(.results.begin_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "address"	String

Liveness Example: [https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/block_results?height=210356]

Liveness Event Example

{
  "type": "slash",
  "attributes": [
    {
      "key": "address",
      "value": "crocnclcons1hv2qumdxjeekgtmmnjvzx7ukv7uhlh29w8a4tx",
      "index": true
    },
    {
      "key": "power",
      "value": "4284179",
      "index": true
    },
    {
      "key": "reason",
      "value": "missing_signature",
      "index": true
    },
    {
      "key": "jailed",
      "value": "crocnclcons1hv2qumdxjeekgtmmnjvzx7ukv7uhlh29w8a4tx",
      "index": true
    }
  ]
}

Double Sign Example: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/block_results?height=210356

Double Sign Event Example

{
	"type": "slash",
	"attributes": [
		{
			"key": "address",
			"value": "crocnclcons1kf8994z2h49u7ldh6e96mlhw6wjqx4lr4929sc",
			"index": true
		},
		{
			"key": "power",
			"value": "6524600",
			"index": true
		},
		{
			"key": "reason",
			"value": "double_sign",
			"index": true
		}
	]
},
{
	"type": "slash",
	"attributes": [
		{
			"key": "jailed",
			"value": "crocnclcons1kf8994z2h49u7ldh6e96mlhw6wjqx4lr4929sc",
			"index": true
		}
	]
}

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Governance

1. MsgSubmitProposal

Submit proposal

Initial deposit will transfer from the proposer account to the "gov" module account.

Funds movement: Yes

Protobuf

type MsgSubmitProposal struct {
	Content        *types.Any                               `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=content,proto3" json:"content,omitempty"`
	InitialDeposit github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Coins `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=initial_deposit,json=initialDeposit,proto3,castrepeated=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Coins" json:"initial_deposit" yaml:"initial_deposit"`
	Proposer       string                                   `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=proposer,proto3" json:"proposer,omitempty"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/9CCC988616344C804E8831B6FC6BECD6FD0F815E4E3FF13BDE6B7F8360BF0050

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.gov.v1beta1.MsgSubmitProposal"	String
Deposit From Address	tx.body.messages[message_index].porposer	String
Deposit Amount	tx.body.messages[message_index].initial_deposit	Asset Array

1a. Community Pool Spend Proposal

One sub-type of proposal is to spend community pool. The community has to pre-funded using MsgFundCommunityPool.

After a proposal of this kind is passed, it will release the funds to the grants recipient account.

Community Pool Spend Proposal Transaction

Detail	Accessor	Type
Proposal Type	tx.body.messages[message_index].content["@type"] === "/cosmos.distribution.v1beta1.CommunityPoolSpendProposal"	String
Grants Recipient Address	tx.body.messages[message_index].conbtent.recipient	String
Spend Amount	tx.body.messages[message_index].content.amount	Asset Array

Example of Community Pool Spend Proposal transaction:

{
  "tx": {
    "body": {
      "messages": [
        {
          "@type": "/cosmos.gov.v1beta1.MsgSubmitProposal",
          "content": {
            "@type": "/cosmos.distribution.v1beta1.CommunityPoolSpendProposal",
            "title": "Test Community Pool Spend",
            "description": "Test spending community pool",
            "recipient": "cro1kkqxv3szgh099xezt7y38t5anqzue4s3fhp2tm",
            "amount": [
              {
                "denom": "basecro",
                "amount": "30000"
              }
            ]
          },
          "initial_deposit": [
            {
              "denom": "basecro",
              "amount": "20000"
            }
          ],
          "proposer": "cro1nk4rq3q46ltgjghxz80hy385p9uj0tf58apkcd"
        }
      ],
      "memo": "",
      "timeout_height": "0",
      "extension_options": [],
      "non_critical_extension_options": []
    },
    "auth_info": {
      "signer_infos": [
        {
          "public_key": {
            "@type": "/cosmos.crypto.secp256k1.PubKey",
            "key": "AiLBhn2Jb4CLU5dYpKB3LHDpjIFldrsQWD6LWDHyjpWM"
          },
          "mode_info": {
            "single": {
              "mode": "SIGN_MODE_DIRECT"
            }
          },
          "sequence": "3"
        }
      ],
      "fee": {
        "amount": [
          {
            "denom": "basecro",
            "amount": "5000"
          }
        ],
        "gas_limit": "200000",
        "payer": "",
        "granter": ""
      }
    },
    "signatures": [
      "35gnabiH8b8Sqd4XFM9AY1dvN//xsKuzpGO356u/ZEwCBjtaoUKQIL7yNOao6kqJ4Ezc0RCHzgJT6owkW4iXog=="
    ]
  },
  "tx_response": {
    "height": "19278",
    "txhash": "FF822C74B63571B0FDC886A5061D7B8594A113ACD05A10273C36E46CF63871C6",
    "codespace": "",
    "code": 0,
    "data": "0A150A0F7375626D69745F70726F706F73616C12020801",
    "raw_log": "[{\"events\":[{\"type\":\"message\",\"attributes\":[{\"key\":\"action\",\"value\":\"submit_proposal\"},{\"key\":\"sender\",\"value\":\"cro1nk4rq3q46ltgjghxz80hy385p9uj0tf58apkcd\"},{\"key\":\"module\",\"value\":\"governance\"},{\"key\":\"sender\",\"value\":\"cro1nk4rq3q46ltgjghxz80hy385p9uj0tf58apkcd\"}]},{\"type\":\"proposal_deposit\",\"attributes\":[{\"key\":\"amount\",\"value\":\"20000basecro\"},{\"key\":\"proposal_id\",\"value\":\"1\"}]},{\"type\":\"submit_proposal\",\"attributes\":[{\"key\":\"proposal_id\",\"value\":\"1\"},{\"key\":\"proposal_type\",\"value\":\"CommunityPoolSpend\"},{\"key\":\"voting_period_start\",\"value\":\"1\"}]},{\"type\":\"transfer\",\"attributes\":[{\"key\":\"recipient\",\"value\":\"cro10d07y265gmmuvt4z0w9aw880jnsr700jzemu2z\"},{\"key\":\"sender\",\"value\":\"cro1nk4rq3q46ltgjghxz80hy385p9uj0tf58apkcd\"},{\"key\":\"amount\",\"value\":\"20000basecro\"}]}]}]",
    "logs": [
      {
        "msg_index": 0,
        "log": "",
        "events": [
          {
            "type": "message",
            "attributes": [
              {
                "key": "action",
                "value": "submit_proposal"
              },
              {
                "key": "sender",
                "value": "cro1nk4rq3q46ltgjghxz80hy385p9uj0tf58apkcd"
              },
              {
                "key": "module",
                "value": "governance"
              },
              {
                "key": "sender",
                "value": "cro1nk4rq3q46ltgjghxz80hy385p9uj0tf58apkcd"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "type": "proposal_deposit",
            "attributes": [
              {
                "key": "amount",
                "value": "20000basecro"
              },
              {
                "key": "proposal_id",
                "value": "1"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "type": "submit_proposal",
            "attributes": [
              {
                "key": "proposal_id",
                "value": "1"
              },
              {
                "key": "proposal_type",
                "value": "CommunityPoolSpend"
              },
              {
                "key": "voting_period_start",
                "value": "1"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "type": "transfer",
            "attributes": [
              {
                "key": "recipient",
                "value": "cro10d07y265gmmuvt4z0w9aw880jnsr700jzemu2z"
              },
              {
                "key": "sender",
                "value": "cro1nk4rq3q46ltgjghxz80hy385p9uj0tf58apkcd"
              },
              {
                "key": "amount",
                "value": "20000basecro"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "info": "",
    "gas_wanted": "200000",
    "gas_used": "126092",
    "tx": {
      "@type": "/cosmos.tx.v1beta1.Tx",
      "body": {
        "messages": [
          {
            "@type": "/cosmos.gov.v1beta1.MsgSubmitProposal",
            "content": {
              "@type": "/cosmos.distribution.v1beta1.CommunityPoolSpendProposal",
              "title": "Test Community Pool Spend",
              "description": "Test spending community pool",
              "recipient": "cro1kkqxv3szgh099xezt7y38t5anqzue4s3fhp2tm",
              "amount": [
                {
                  "denom": "basecro",
                  "amount": "30000"
                }
              ]
            },
            "initial_deposit": [
              {
                "denom": "basecro",
                "amount": "20000"
              }
            ],
            "proposer": "cro1nk4rq3q46ltgjghxz80hy385p9uj0tf58apkcd"
          }
        ],
        "memo": "",
        "timeout_height": "0",
        "extension_options": [],
        "non_critical_extension_options": []
      },
      "auth_info": {
        "signer_infos": [
          {
            "public_key": {
              "@type": "/cosmos.crypto.secp256k1.PubKey",
              "key": "AiLBhn2Jb4CLU5dYpKB3LHDpjIFldrsQWD6LWDHyjpWM"
            },
            "mode_info": {
              "single": {
                "mode": "SIGN_MODE_DIRECT"
              }
            },
            "sequence": "3"
          }
        ],
        "fee": {
          "amount": [
            {
              "denom": "basecro",
              "amount": "5000"
            }
          ],
          "gas_limit": "200000",
          "payer": "",
          "granter": ""
        }
      },
      "signatures": [
        "35gnabiH8b8Sqd4XFM9AY1dvN//xsKuzpGO356u/ZEwCBjtaoUKQIL7yNOao6kqJ4Ezc0RCHzgJT6owkW4iXog=="
      ]
    },
    "timestamp": "2021-05-02T15:14:05Z"
  }
}

Community Pool Spend Proposal Funds Movement

Detail	Accessor	Type
Proposal Passed	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) === "proposal_passed" where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "active_proposal" && Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "proposal_result".	String
Grant from "distribution" Module Account	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) === "{distribution module account}" where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "transfer" && Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "sender".	String
Recipient Account	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "transfer" && Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "recipient").	String
Grants Amount	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "transfer" && Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "amount").	Asset String

Example of Block Results API when Community Pool Spend Proposal Funds is Released:

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": -1,
  "result": {
    "height": "19337",
    "txs_results": null,
    "begin_block_events": [
	  ...
    ],
    "end_block_events": [
      {
        "type": "transfer",
        "attributes": [
          {
            "key": "recipient",
            "value": "cro1nk4rq3q46ltgjghxz80hy385p9uj0tf58apkcd",
            "index": true
          },
          {
            "key": "sender",
            "value": "cro10d07y265gmmuvt4z0w9aw880jnsr700jzemu2z",
            "index": true
          },
          {
            "key": "amount",
            "value": "20000basecro",
            "index": true
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "type": "message",
        "attributes": [
          {
            "key": "sender",
            "value": "cro10d07y265gmmuvt4z0w9aw880jnsr700jzemu2z",
            "index": true
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "type": "transfer",
        "attributes": [
          {
            "key": "recipient",
            "value": "cro1kkqxv3szgh099xezt7y38t5anqzue4s3fhp2tm",
            "index": true
          },
          {
            "key": "sender",
            "value": "cro1jv65s3grqf6v6jl3dp4t6c9t9rk99cd8lyv94w",
            "index": true
          },
          {
            "key": "amount",
            "value": "30000basecro",
            "index": true
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "type": "message",
        "attributes": [
          {
            "key": "sender",
            "value": "cro1jv65s3grqf6v6jl3dp4t6c9t9rk99cd8lyv94w",
            "index": true
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "type": "active_proposal",
        "attributes": [
          {
            "key": "proposal_id",
            "value": "1",
            "index": true
          },
          {
            "key": "proposal_result",
            "value": "proposal_passed",
            "index": true
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "validator_updates": null,
    "consensus_param_updates": {
	  ...
    }
  }
}

2. MsgDeposit

• Descriptions: Submit a deposit to an existing proposal

  Deposit will transfer from the proposer account to the "gov" module account.

Protobuf

type MsgDeposit struct {
	ProposalId uint64                                   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=proposal_id,json=proposalId,proto3" json:"proposal_id" yaml:"proposal_id"`
	Depositor  string                                   `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=depositor,proto3" json:"depositor,omitempty"`
	Amount     github_com_cosmos_cosmos_sdk_types.Coins `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=amount,proto3,castrepeated=github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Coins" json:"amount"`
}

Example

Cosmos Transaction Query API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/txs/9CCC988616344C804E8831B6FC6BECD6FD0F815E4E3FF13BDE6B7F8360BF0050

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Transaction Type	tx.body.messages[message_index]["@type"] === "/cosmos.gov.v1beta1.MsgDeposit"	String
Deposit From Address	tx.body.messages[message_index].depositor	String
Deposit Amount	tx.body.messages[message_index].amount	Asset Array

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2a. Burn Proposal's Deposit if Proposal does not Get Enough Deposit

If a proposal does not meet the depsoit requirement after the deposit period, the deposit will NOT be returned to the depositors. Those deposits will be burnt from the "gov" module account as well.

The latest deposit requirement ("min_deposit") and deposit period ("max_deposit_period") can be checked on https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/gov/v1beta1/params/deposit. Note that they are network parameters and may change over time after governance proposals.

To monitor a proposal becomes inactive, it can be detected by monitoring the end_block_events in Tendermint Block Results API. However, for the amount of deposit burnt, you have to keep track of the deposits made to the proposal before. Note that this operation does not involve any user account as the deposits are burnt.

Tendermint Block Results API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/block_results?height=195346

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Proposal Id	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) === "{gov module account}" where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "inactive_proposal" && .result.Base64Decode(end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "proposal_id".	String
Assert Proposal is Dropped	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value === "proposal_dropped") where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "inactive_proposal" && Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "proposal_result").	String

2b. Return Proposal's Deposit

There are a few cases where a proposal deposit will be returned to the depositors. For details, please refer to Proposal Result.

The return deposit can be detected by monitoring the end_block_events in Tendermint Block Results API.

Example

Tendermint Block Results API: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org:443/block_results?height=496620

Details

Detail	Accessor	Type
Return From "gov" Module Account	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) === "{gov module account}" where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "transfer" && Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "sender".	String
Return To Address	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "transfer" && Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "recipient".	String
Returned Deposit Amount	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "transfer" && Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "amount").	Asset String

Note that there may be multiple depositors of a proposal, so the event may appear multiple times.

[
  {
    "type": "transfer",
    "attributes": [
      {
        "key": "recipient",
        "value": "cro15d0esada05wx4lpncp5vmwmzgrcnu3cu5xfy9w",
        "index": true
      },
      {
        "key": "sender",
        "value": "cro10d07y265gmmuvt4z0w9aw880jnsr700jzemu2z",
        "index": true
      },
      {
        "key": "amount",
        "value": "1000000000basecro",
        "index": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "type": "transfer",
    "attributes": [
      {
        "key": "recipient",
        "value": "cro1meq5gd2fwjcav8n0nynwelusm9hrngwglvp426",
        "index": true
      },
      {
        "key": "sender",
        "value": "cro10d07y265gmmuvt4z0w9aw880jnsr700jzemu2z",
        "index": true
      },
      {
        "key": "amount",
        "value": "2000000000000basecro",
        "index": true
      }
    ]
  }
]

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2c. Burn Proposal's Deposit

There are a few cases where proposal deposits will be burnt. For details, please refer to Proposal Result for more details.

If a proposal does not get enough votes that exceed the "quorum" or has the "No with Veto" votes exceed the "veto_threshold", the deposit will NOT be returned to the depositors. Those deposits will be burnt from the "gov" module account as well.

To monitor a proposal that got rejected and deposits got burned, it can be detected by monitoring the end_block_events Tendermint Block Results API. There will be a "proposal_result" event marking the proposal as rejected, and different from Return Proposal's Deposit, there will be NO transfer event in the end_block_results, which means the deposit is NOT returned and is burnt.

However, for the amount of deposit burnt, you have to keep track of the deposits made to the proposal before. Note that this operation does not involve any user account as the deposits are burnt.

Details and Example

Detail	Accessor	Type
Proposal Id	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value) === "{gov module account}" where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "active_proposal" && .result.Base64Decode(end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key) === "proposal_id".	String
Assert Proposal is Rejected	Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].value === "proposal_rejected") where .result.end_block_events[event_index].type === "active_proposal" && Base64Decode(.result.end_block_events[event_index].attributes[attribute_index].key === "proposal_result").	String

Tendermint Block Results API JSON Example (Base64 Decoded):

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": -1,
  "result": {
    "height": "285",
    "txs_results": null,
    "begin_block_events": [
      ...
    ],
    "end_block_events": [
      {
        "type": "active_proposal",
        "attributes": [
          {
            "key": "proposal_id",
            "value": "3",
            "index": true
          },
          {
            "key": "proposal_result",
            "value": "proposal_rejected",
            "index": true
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "validator_updates": null,
    "consensus_param_updates": {
      ...
    }
  }
}

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3. MsgVote

• Descriptions: : Submit a vote to an existing proposal

• Funds movement: No (Pay for fee only)

4. Proposal Result

Latest tally params can be retrieved from: https://rpc.mainnet.crypto.org/cosmos/gov/v1beta1/params/tallying. The params may change from time to time after the governance proposal.

Scenario	Result	Burn Deposit
All voter has no staked coins	Rejects	No
Not enough tally_params.quorum of votes	Rejects	Yes
No one votes (Everyone abstain)	Rejects	No
More than tally_params.veto_threshold voter veto	Rejects	Yes
More than tally_params.threshold non-abstaining votes No	Rejects	No
More than tally_params.threshold non-abstaining votes Yes	Passes	No
More than tally_params.threshold non-abstaining votes Yes but the proposal cannot be executed (e.g. Insufficient funds in community pool to spend)	Failed	No

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Appendix: Module Accounts on Mainnet

Module	Address
mint	cro1m3h30wlvsf8llruxtpukdvsy0km2kum8s20pm3
fee_collector	cro17xpfvakm2amg962yls6f84z3kell8c5lgztehv
distribution	cro1jv65s3grqf6v6jl3dp4t6c9t9rk99cd8lyv94w
bonded_tokens_pool	cro1fl48vsnmsdzcv85q5d2q4z5ajdha8yu3dqpk9x
not_bonded_tokens_pool	cro1tygms3xhhs3yv487phx3dw4a95jn7t7leqa8nj
gov	cro10d07y265gmmuvt4z0w9aw880jnsr700jzemu2z

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